![]() ![]() ![]() Moderate to strong inverse relationships were seen for hormones with left eye pupil constriction difference between direct and consensual stimulus, and for pre- to posttest testosterone-to-cortisol ratio decline with left eye pupil constriction for direct and consensual stimulus (r = 0.41 to 0.52, P < 0.05). Some positive weak to moderate relationships were seen for testosterone and pupil constriction latency (r = 0.37 to 0.39, P < 0.05). No differences for pupil constriction latency were seen for direct versus consensual stimulus. Moderate to large differences in left eye pupil constriction for direct (left eye) versus consensual (right eye) stimulus were also seen (P < 0.01 effect size = 0.51 to 1.04). Very small differences in hormone concentrations were seen across the morning (effect size = 0.01). Testing times varied for participants however, it was always in the morning, and the order of testing was randomized. Saliva samples were collected upon waking, before pupillometry and somatosensory processing testing, and after testing. Twenty-five professional rugby players participated in this study. This study aimed to examine the link between stress (measured via salivary cortisol and testosterone), cognition (measured via pupillometry, with greater pupil constriction and reduced pupil constriction latency associated with increased attention and improved information processing), and motor skill capacity (measured via somatosensory processing).
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